So, what is geology?
Geology is the study of the Earth—its materials, processes, and history. Geologists investigate everything from volcanoes and earthquakes to fossils and climate change. If you’ve ever been curious about how mountains form or why certain areas are rich in oil or minerals, geology gives you the tools to explore those questions.
What do geology majors study?
As a geology major, you’ll dive into subjects like mineralogy, petrology (the study of rocks), paleontology, geophysics, and structural geology. You’ll also learn how to read topographic maps, analyze soil samples, and use tools like GIS (Geographic Information Systems) to interpret data. Fieldwork is a big part of the experience—expect to spend time outdoors collecting samples and observing natural formations.
Typical courses for geology majors
Courses often include:
- Earth materials
- Sedimentology and stratigraphy
- Structural geology
- Geochemistry
- Field methods in geology
You’ll also take supporting classes in chemistry, physics, and math to build a strong scientific foundation.
Types of geology degrees
Most students pursue a Bachelor of Science in Geology, which prepares you for entry-level jobs or graduate school. Some schools also offer a Bachelor of Arts, which may be more flexible if you’re interested in combining geology with another field like education or policy.
Common double majors and minors to pair with geology
Geology pairs well with:
These combinations can open doors to specialized careers in sustainability, resource management, or environmental consulting.
What skills will I learn studying geology?
You’ll build skills in:
- Critical thinking and data analysis
- Scientific research and lab techniques
- Fieldwork and observation
- Technical writing and communication
- GIS and mapping software
These skills are useful not just in geology but in many science and tech careers.
Popular careers for geology majors
With a geology degree, you can pursue roles like:
- Geoscientist
- Environmental consultant
- Mining or geological engineer
- Hydrologist
- Seismologist
- Petroleum geologist
Some of these roles may require a master’s degree, but many entry-level jobs are available with a bachelor’s.
How much will I earn with a geology degree?
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual salary for geoscientists was $99,240 in 2024. Mining and geological engineers earned a median of $101,020. Entry-level salaries may start lower, but with experience and specialization, earnings can grow significantly. Jobs in oil and gas or government sectors tend to offer higher pay.
Notable schools for geology majors
Some well-known schools with strong geology programs include:
Use tools like Scout College Search to explore more schools that fit your goals.
Scholarships and financial aid
If you're thinking about majoring in geology, there are several scholarship opportunities that can help you pay for college. You can explore geology-specific options through scholarships by major and scholarships for geology majors. Sallie also offers broader resources like Scholly Scholarships, which match you with awards based on your profile, and the easy-to-enter $2K No Essay Scholarship, which is open to all students. These tools can make a big difference in covering tuition, books, and other college costs—so definitely take advantage of them.
If you’re someone who loves science, nature, and solving real-world problems, geology might be the perfect major for you. It’s hands-on, intellectually challenging, and opens up a wide range of career paths—from protecting the environment to finding natural resources.
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