Thinking about a biology major? Here’s what you need to know

What is a biology major?

A biology major dives into how living things work—from single cells to entire ecosystems. You’ll study topics like genetics, anatomy, microbiology, and evolution. It’s a mix of lecture, lab, and field work that prepares you to understand life on a deep level.

Whether you want to be a doctor, researcher, conservationist, or health professional, biology is a strong foundation.

What makes biology such a broad and flexible major?

Biology is one of the most popular college majors because it covers so much. You can explore how diseases spread, how the brain works, how ecosystems are connected—and then choose your path from there.

You’ll gain both a big-picture understanding of life and the technical skills to dig into the details.

Core biology courses and concentrations 

• General biology and lab
• Chemistry (often up to organic)
• Genetics and cell biology
• Ecology and evolution
• Anatomy and physiology
• Microbiology
• Biostatistics

Possible concentrations include:

• Molecular or cellular biology
• Marine biology
• Neurobiology
• Environmental biology
• Human biology or pre-health

Labs, research, and why hands-on work matters

One of the best parts of a biology major? Getting into the lab. You’ll have the chance to:

• Run experiments
• Learn microscopy and lab techniques
• Analyze DNA, tissues, or microbes
• Collect and interpret real-world data

Some schools also offer independent research projects, summer fieldwork, or partnerships with local hospitals and organizations.

What skills will I build as a bio major?

• Scientific reasoning and critical thinking
• Lab safety and technical precision
• Research design and data analysis
• Collaboration and project reporting
• Communication of complex topics

Who should consider a biology degree?

You might love this major if you:

• Are curious about how the body and nature work
• Enjoy labs, hands-on experiments, or field trips
• Want a career in health, science, or the environment
• Like solving problems that impact real lives

Not sure if biology is your fit? Use the Scout College Search tool to compare schools and program options.

Is biology the right major for pre-med?

Absolutely. Biology is one of the most popular pre-med majors. Many of your required courses will overlap with med school prerequisites.

But keep in mind—biology is also useful for:

• Nursing
• Physician assistant (PA) school
• Physical therapy
• Dental or veterinary school
• Public health programs

The key is to work closely with a pre-health advisor to make sure you’re hitting all the right checkboxes for your path.

Common double majors and minors for biology majors

• Chemistry or biochemistry: For research or med school prep
• Psychology or neuroscience: For behavioral science or neuro tracks
• Environmental science: For conservation or policy roles
• Public health: For epidemiology or health policy
• Data science or statistics: For bioinformatics or lab analysis

Where can a bio degree take me? 

There are so many directions you can go in as a biology major. Here are just a few:

• Healthcare
• Environmental science
• Education
• Research
• Biotechnology
• Agriculture
• Pharmaceutical development

It’s also a solid stepping stone for graduate programs in medicine, dentistry, vet school, or science-focused master’s and PhD. paths.

Top careers in biology

• Lab technician or research assistant
• Clinical research coordinator
• Physician or PA (with further education)
• Environmental consultant
• Science educator or outreach specialist
• Biotech or pharma associate
• Conservation or wildlife biologist

How much can I earn with a biology degree?

• Biological technician: ~$48,500+
• Biological scientist: $93,000+
• Environmental scientist: ~$77,000
• Doctor or surgeon: $222,000+

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Top schools known for biology programs

• Stanford University
• University of California–San Diego
• Harvard University
• University of Wisconsin–Madison
• Duke University
• Cornell University

Use the Scout College Search tool to explore the right fit based on your goals and interests.

How to afford your biology degree

Bio degrees can be expensive—but there are ways to make it more affordable. Be sure to file the FAFSA^®  each year to qualify for federal financial aid—including grants which you don't have to pay back.

Plus, there are TONS of scholarships out there for biology and STEM majors. Start your search with scholarships for biology majors and browse more scholarships by major, Check out Scholly Scholarships to search for opportunities by your skills and interests.  

Biology is more than microscopes and lab coats—it’s a path to understanding life, solving global challenges, and launching a meaningful career. Whether you’re headed for med school, research, or environmental work, a biology major gives you the knowledge and skills to make a difference.