Explore what it means to be a science major in college

Key takeaways about a science major

• A science major focuses on understanding the natural world through observation, experimentation, and analysis.
• There are many types of science majors, from biology and chemistry to environmental science and physics.
• Science degrees typically take four years to complete and include hands-on lab work.
• Science majors develop skills in research, critical thinking, and data analysis—great for careers in healthcare, tech, and more.
• Scholarships and college search tools can help you find the right program and funding.

So, what is a science major?

Think of a science major as your backstage pass to understanding how the world works—from the tiniest atoms to massive ecosystems. It’s a college path that dives deep into subjects like biology, chemistry, physics, and earth science. If you’re curious, love asking “why,” and enjoy solving problems, this major might be your vibe.

Types of science majors you can explore

Science is a huge umbrella, and under it are tons of cool specializations. Here are a few popular ones:

• Biology – the study of living organisms
• Chemistry – the science of substances and how they interact
• Physics – the laws that govern matter and energy
• Environmental science – understanding and protecting our planet
• Earth science – geology, meteorology, and oceanography
• Astronomy – the study of space and celestial bodies
• Forensic science – applying science to solve crimes
• Marine biology – life in oceans and seas

Want to see more options? Use the Scout College Search tool to explore programs.

How long does it take to earn a science degree?

Most science majors lead to a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degree, which typically takes four years to complete. Some students go on to earn master’s or doctoral degrees, especially if they’re aiming for research or specialized careers.

What courses will you take as a science major?

Expect a mix of:

• Core science classes (like general biology, chemistry, physics)
• Lab work (hands-on experiments and research)
• Math courses (especially calculus and statistics)
• Electives based on your specialization (e.g., genetics, environmental policy, quantum mechanics)

Double majors and minors that pair well with science

Science majors often pair their degree with:

• Math – for deeper analytical skills
• Computer science – especially useful in data-heavy fields
• Psychology – great for neuroscience or behavioral science
• Business – for careers in biotech or pharma
• Education – if you’re thinking about teaching

What skills will I learn as a science major?

Science majors build a toolkit that’s super versatile:

• Critical thinking – analyzing data and solving problems
• Research – designing experiments and interpreting results
• Communication – writing reports and presenting findings
• Teamwork – collaborating in labs and group projects
• Tech fluency – using software and lab equipment

Popular careers for science majors

Science majors open doors to tons of career paths. Here are a few:

• Healthcare – doctor, nurse, lab technician
• Research – in universities, government, or private labs
• Environmental work – conservationist, sustainability analyst
• Technology – data scientist, software developer (with added training)
• Education – science teacher or professor
• Forensics – crime lab analyst

How much can I earn with a science degree?

Science majors can earn solid salaries depending on their field and education level. For example, biochemists and biophysicists earn a median salary of $103,650 per year, while chemists make around $86,000, and materials scientists can earn up to $104,160 annually. If you move into leadership roles, like becoming a natural sciences manager, the median pay jumps to $161,180 per year.

These numbers show that science degrees can lead to financially rewarding careers, especially if you pursue advanced education or specialize in high-demand areas.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, August 2025

Notable schools for science majors

Some schools are known for their strong science programs. A few standouts include:

• Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) – cutting-edge research and innovation
• Stanford University – strong in biology and environmental science
• University of California, Berkeley – top-tier chemistry and physics
• University of Washington – great for marine biology
• Cornell University – known for life sciences

Use Scout College Search to find schools that match your goals.

Scholarships for science majors

College can be pricey, but there’s help out there. If you're pursuing a science major, you can explore a variety of scholarship opportunities designed to support your journey. Start with Sallie’s Scholarships by Major, which includes options specifically for science students. You can also check out Scholly Scholarships for curated matches based on your profile, or apply for the super simple $2K No Essay Scholarship. For even more targeted support, visit the science-specific scholarships page to find funding that fits your goals.